Free Essays on The African-American And His Majesty’s

The African-American and His Majesty’s Army in the Age of the American Revolution "And I do hereby further declare all indented servants, Negroes, and others, (appertaining to Rebels), free, that are able and willing to bear arms, they joining His Majesty’s Troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing the Colony to a proper sense of their duty, to His majesty’s crown and dignity." On November 7th, 1775, Lord Dunmore made his fated proclamation; this utterance changed the course of the American Revolution for the African-American. If the subject is to be justified then a historical context for Dunmore’s proclamation must be provided. What was the position of the British army at the end of 1775? Had the rhetoric of American liberty accounted for the African-American? The injustices served out to the African-American between 1775 and 1776 by the white American patriot made the British promise of emancipation both appealing and logical. Lord Dunmore and the British commanders were sensitive to these Negro injustices: the decision to recruit the black bondsmen, therefore, was based on pragmatic and strategic reasoning. At the end of 1775 His Majesty’s army was in a hapless position. From the beginning of the conflict in America the British government was short of able recruits. In January 1775 five regiments of Hanoverians became British mercenaries; three regiments were sent to Gibraltar to release British troops and the remaining two were sent directly to America. If the British hoped to sustain the conflict and subdue the colonies then great reserves of manpower were required. After the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17th, 1775, the British had been forced to evacuate Boston and earlier in the month Lord Dunmore had taken the decisive step of quitting Williamsburg and seeking asylum aboard the vessel Fowey. His Majesty’s army was already in a precarious position; it was in grave danger of losing control ... Free Essays on The African-American And His Majesty’s Free Essays on The African-American And His Majesty’s The African-American and His Majesty’s Army in the Age of the American Revolution "And I do hereby further declare all indented servants, Negroes, and others, (appertaining to Rebels), free, that are able and willing to bear arms, they joining His Majesty’s Troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing the Colony to a proper sense of their duty, to His majesty’s crown and dignity." On November 7th, 1775, Lord Dunmore made his fated proclamation; this utterance changed the course of the American Revolution for the African-American. If the subject is to be justified then a historical context for Dunmore’s proclamation must be provided. What was the position of the British army at the end of 1775? Had the rhetoric of American liberty accounted for the African-American? The injustices served out to the African-American between 1775 and 1776 by the white American patriot made the British promise of emancipation both appealing and logical. Lord Dunmore and the British commanders were sensitive to these Negro injustices: the decision to recruit the black bondsmen, therefore, was based on pragmatic and strategic reasoning. At the end of 1775 His Majesty’s army was in a hapless position. From the beginning of the conflict in America the British government was short of able recruits. In January 1775 five regiments of Hanoverians became British mercenaries; three regiments were sent to Gibraltar to release British troops and the remaining two were sent directly to America. If the British hoped to sustain the conflict and subdue the colonies then great reserves of manpower were required. After the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17th, 1775, the British had been forced to evacuate Boston and earlier in the month Lord Dunmore had taken the decisive step of quitting Williamsburg and seeking asylum aboard the vessel Fowey. His Majesty’s army was already in a precarious position; it was in grave danger of losing control ...

Idea of democracy change or remain static duringthe Jacksoni essays

Idea of democracy change or remain static duringthe Jacksoni essays A democracy is a government by the people exercised either directly or through elected representatives, in which the common people are considered as the primary source of political people. The idea of democracy improved during the Jacksonian period in several ways, with the help of Andrew Jackson, nationalism, and industrialism. Several ways that Andrew Jackson used his power to improve the democracy were expanding voting rights, destroying banks, and developing the spoils system. Jackson was a fighter for the people; he wanted the best for the common man. The first step he took was to make sure there was an increased in voting by lowering property requirements. The qualification was now open to the common men; more adult white males were eligible to vote than ever before. This enable people to feel as though everyone had the same chance and participation in their government, "Americans no longer thought of themselves as having betters" (Dibacco 210). The second step he took was to eradicate the banks because he believed the bank was a benefactor only to those in the higher class, and it was a tool that causes a standstill for the income of those in the lower class. The destruction of the bank ensured the lower class that there is someone that cares for them, and that they do have an important position in their society. Jackson wanted everyone to be equal and have the same opportunity; he wanted the best for his country. In his quest to beautify and better the country, he developed the spoil system. The spoil system is a practice giving government jobs to political backs. Jackson believed that it didn't required much experience or education to work as a government officials, "... the duties of public office were so simple that any person of intelligence could do the work" (Dibacco 210). Jackson wanted the participation of the common man; he wanted to show that he cared for the people and that he wasn't just another high-class man tha...

Confucious and the golden rule, East meets west Coursework

Confucious and the golden rule, East meets west - Coursework Example From the Chinese philosopher’s perspective, a person who does not want to be hurt should not hurt others. On the other hand, Jesus implies that if you do not want to be harmed, do good to others because if you are good, then other people will give you back the same treatment. As an individual, I live by the same rule of Jesus because I strongly agree that people should be active participants in their community in making it a peaceful and harmonious place to live in. I recognize the view of Confucius that people should not do to others what they do not want others do to them. However, I am more inclined to strongly concur with Jesus’ point of view because it is not only stated positively but it also encourages an active participation of a person. I firmly believe that we need to stay away from doing dreadful things as Confucius interjects but in order to minimize if not eliminate awful situations, we have to actively do excellent things. According to Tao, the best man benefits all things just like water does. Where there is water, life abounds and the same is true with the best man. Tao says that the best man is selfless, able to benefit the people around him and does not compete with them. Instead, he is able to see identify a need and does something to meet the need without thinking about what he should gain from it or what he is going to lose if he needs to spend a lot of time and money in accomplishing the task. The best man, despite his commendable attributes will remain humble and simply continues to exist influence his community in a positive manner. Humility is that place which Tao says the water goes to which all disdain. Indeed, through the different centuries, only a handful strove to do good and still remain quiet about what they did. Most people set their goals high and do mighty works and above all their achievements, they want to be recognized and exalted. Nevertheless, the best man takes a different route. He gives

Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marijuana - Research Paper Example It contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a chemical that effects brain functioning. Marijuana statistics depict that the drug is highly abused in United States. Approximately 69 million people, above 12 years of age have used marijuana at least once. In 2006, according to the survey conducted by National Survey on Drug use and Health (NSDUH) it was the most common addictive drug in America. Around 14.8 million people widely used Marijuana as per the NSDUH survey. It is widely used by young adults in the age group ranging from 18 years to 25 years of age. The data emphasizes college students who at large fall under this category as reported by Centers for Disease Control. (CDH) This is most likely due to the low cost of the drug. The recent statistics illustrates that marijuana was accounted for 16 % of all admissions to health care facilities among which the ratio of males over female was higher (Fernandez & Allison, 2004). Even with such a high popularity, the rate of abuse of marijuana is decreasing. According to the Monitoring Future survey, the rate declined from 6.7% in 2006 to 5.7% in 2007 among eighth graders. Above all, around 74.3% eighth graders perceive the use of marijuana as detrimental for health. However, this drastic fall in the rate is probably due to other drugs that are also easily obtainable. Anyways the hallmark of this decline is that people are abandoning its usage but they might suffer withdrawal symptoms. Comparatively, marijuana has mild withdrawal symptoms than any other drug. The most common symptom is craving for the drug. It is reported that around 75.7% people abstaining from marijuana desperately craved for it. Mood swings are followed by craving. It is estimated that around 50.5% people trying to quit marijuana went through mood swings, petulancy or anxiety while other suffered from restlessness, aggression, nervousness and a lack of concentration. Insomnia

Homework Assignment Essay Example for Free

Homework Assignment Essay 1.Prepare an analysis of the automobile manufacturing industry using Porter’s five forces framework. For each component force provide support for your conclusion. In addition, at the completion of your analysis provide a conclusion, along with support, of whether you expect the automobile industry to report high or low profitability in the near future. 2. Tremble Company manufactures outdoors wear for women. During 2009, the company reported the following items that affected cash. Required: Indicate whether each of these items is a cash flow from operating activities (O), investing activities (I), or financing activities (F). A. Paid cash for supplies B. Purchased equipment by paying cash C. Collected cash on account from customers D. Paid dividends to stockholders E. Paid suppliers for fabric F. Borrowed money from a bank on a long-term note G. Paid interest to bank on the note H. Paid wages to employees I. Sold shares of common stock to new stockholders 3. The following selected financial data pertain to four companies: a hotel, a travel agency, a meat packing company and a pharmaceutical company. Required: Match each with the financial information and explain why you made your choice as you did. Balance Sheet Data (component percentages)Company 1Company 2Company 3Company 4 Cash7.222.06.011.2 Accounts Receivable28.040.03.423.0 Inventory21.40.50.927.4 Property, Plant Equipment 32.019.075.125.0 Income Statement Data (component percentages) Gross Profit15.2Not ApplicableNot Applicable44.0 Profit before Taxes1.83.32.57.0 Ratios Current ratio (over the last five years)1.61.30.51.8 Inventory turnover ratio27.8Not ApplicableNot Applicable 3.4 Debt-to-equity ratio1.82.35.81.4 4. Use the current asset section of the balance sheets of the El Paso Company as of January 31, 2012 and 2011 presented below to answer the questions that follow. 2012 2011 Cash and cash equivalents$ 75,000$ 58,800 Trade accounts receivable, net 157,500 193,200 Inventory 208,200 253,400 Other current assets 18,400 15,500 Total current assets$ 459,100$ 520,900 Total assets$2,650,000$3,430,000 Required: (a) In the spaces provided below, complete a Percentage Change analysis of the current asset section of El Paso Companys balance sheet for 2012, using the following format to provide your answers for the amount of dollar change and the amount of percentage change, rounding â€Å"% Change† to one decimal place, e.g., 8.3%. Accounts$ Change% Change (b) Provide a short evaluation of this analysis.

Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony Essay -- Literary Analysis, Psychology

The central conflict of Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony is Tayo's struggle to gain psychological wholeness in the face of various traumatic experiences, ranging from a troubled childhood to cultural marginalization and combat experiences during World War II. Throughout the novel, the key to Tayo's psychological recovery is his rediscovery of Native American cultural practices. Most of the crucial turning points in the novel occur when Tayo listens to, takes part in, or learns more about Native American cultural traditions. He progresses towards recovery when he visits medicine men, returns to traditional customs and practices, or develops an intimate relationship with someone like Ts'eh who lives according to traditional ways. As he develops an increased understanding of native cultural practices and ritual ceremonies he finds psychological peace, which he quickly loses whenever he seeks other sources of healing-whether he seeks them in the glories of war, the pleasures of alcohol, or the medical practices of the army psychiatric hospital. The novel's opening poem describes the Incredible powers that language, stories, and rituals have in Native American cultures: ceremonies are the only cure for human and cultural ailments, and stories and language have the power to create worlds As the novel progresses, it demonstrates this power by showing how rituals are more effective than anything else in helping Tayo heal. Moreover, Tayo's struggle to return to indigenous cultural traditions parallels Silko's own struggle as a writer who wants to integrate Native American traditions into the structure of her novel. Instead of simply following the literary conventions used by other American and European writers, Silko develops new li... ...ve Americans fit into the broader mosaic of American history. In particular, Silko' s novel rewrites American history so that Native Americans like Tayo are no longer pushed into the margins and ignored. She shows that they have contributed to and continue to contribute to American history by providing the land on which it happens, by fighting for America in international conflicts, and by contributing to America's economic development. Even more importantly, however, she shows that Native American cultural traditions also provide an alternative, and in Silko's opinion, superior view of what America's future could look like if it will chose to be more spiritually sensitive, multi-culturally respectful, and environmentally responsible. In this sense, Ceremony adds an important and potentially healing voice to the on-going debate of what it means to be an American.

Reflective Paper Essay

Mathematics for Elementary Teachers is a two- part course designed to prepare potential educators the mathematical concepts need to teach to elementary schools students K-8. The two-part course also addresses the relationship concepts to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards for K-8 instruction (Billstein, Libeskind & Lott, 2010). This semester, which presented the second half the two-part course, the MTH/157 curriculum gave appropriate statistical methods to analysis data, applied basic concepts of probability, applied and identified geometric figures and shapes for problem solving, and identified applications of measurements. This class introduced very interesting, exciting and fun ways how to teach the above mathematical concepts like probability in the form of games. There are several types of probabilities: Theoretical Probability and Experimental Probability. Theoretical probability examples can be used to illustrate the predictions of the â€Å"Coin Flip† or â€Å"Dice Roll† probability games. Yang’s example: If there are n equally outcomes and an event A for which there are k of these outcomes, then the expression of the probability that the event A will happen looks like this P(A) = k/n (p. 283, para. 4). What I experience while playing the â€Å"Coin Flip† game was that the probability of flipping the coin and it turning up heads was P (H) =  ½. To include, the probability of flipping the coin and it turning up tails was P (T) =  ½. So, if the chance of the coin flipped and turning up heads is 0.50 then the probability of two coins coming up heads is 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25. What I experience while playing the â€Å"Dice Roll† game was that with both dice being rolled the outcome, sample space and events of the probability could be many. Rolling the two dice there would have been 36 different ways to predict the outcomes. I decided to roll one die instead of two dice so that I could fine the  probability of the die turning up an even number which resulted P (E) = 3/6 =  ½. When dealing with real life situations, it is impossible to use the theoretical probability method. The experimental probability method is best used in these instances by performing an experiment or survey. The experiment is used to predict occurrences that will happen in the future (Yang, 2012). Probability of independent and dependent events might be the most difficult concepts for students to grasp. Independent events are those where the outcome of one event is not affected by the other, and dependent events are events where the outcome of one is affected by the other. The formula for these events could cause the student to become confused if not learned correctly. The course introduced the concepts of geometry in a fun way by giving me the opportunity to modify a geometry manipulative activity. My activity was to show kindergarten thru first grade students how to identify three geometric shapes and how to select and count a specific shape out of a mixed group of shapes. The student will trace on the colored paper the example of the shape on the blackboard which will be displayed one at a time by the instructor. Each time that the example shape is placed on the blackboard the student will call out the name of the shape. The instructor will then hold up that specific shape and its color so that the student can call out both the shape and its color to trace. After the student has identified and traced all of the shapes on its specific colors, the instructor will place on the student’s desk 10 cut out shapes consisting of 3 red circles, 5 yellow squares, and 2 green triangles. The instructor will ask the student to place all of the different shapes in 2 lines consisting of five shapes (assistance might be needed). While the instructor is observing each line of shapes, the instructor will ask the student to put all of the same colored shapes together in the lines. The instructor will then ask the student to count and to tell the instructor the number of each shape that is in the mixed group of shapes. After the first question is answered correctly, the instructor can then ask question like: â€Å"Are there more squares then circles in the first group or second group? â€Å"Or â€Å"How many more squares are there then triangles in the first group or second group of mixed shapes?† and â€Å"Tell me what shapes is closest to the squares?† MTH/157 not only introduced a curriculum that would help potential math teachers how  the above mathematical concepts to elementary students, it also teaches the math teacher what concepts that the students might have difficulty with and gives information on how to help that individual student to grasp the concepts. In my opinion, the best way to make sure that every student learns any mathematical concept is to make it â€Å"fun and game† learning. In this way, students are more successful in clearly understanding and comprehending the fundamentals of the subject and have a better chance of not forgetting, at least, the beginning steps. I have learned from this class that the above is very vital to achieve the characteristics of a professional mathematics teacher. If I were to recommend anything in the way to add to the course curriculum, it would be very little because I felt like the course was designed for someone like me an individual who has always found math courses to be very difficult. This course has been simplified to a dream that has influenced my ideas philosophy of teaching and that is that â€Å"the most difficult can be fun learning!† References: Billstein, R., Libeskind, S., & Lott, J. W. (2010). A problem solving approach to Mathematics for elementary school teachers (10th Ed.). Boston, MA: Wesley Yang, Rong. (2012). A-Plus Notes for Beginning Algebra: Pre-Algebra and Algebra, Publisher, A-Plus Notes Learning Center. Los Angles California

Frei Otto Munich Stadium

MUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM//FREI OTTO//1972 gizem akgun/ nuria juanbaro sarret/kanaka raghavan _ADDA 2012-2013 GERMAN PAVILION// MONTREAL//1967//cable nets TUWAIQ PALACE//SAUDI ARABIA//1970// cable nets OLYMPIC STADIUM//MUNICH//1972// cable nets ORKS MULTIHALLE MANNHIEM //GERMANY//1975// grid shells JAPAN PAVILION EXPO 2000//HANOVER GERMANY//2000//grid shell German architect and research engineer 1957 // Development Center for Lightweight Construc on in Berlin. 1964// Ins tute for Lightweight Structures in Stu gart.Exhibited a special gi for crea ng lightweight tent structures Computer-based procedure for determining their shape and behaviour Alterna ve system of grid shell structures HE ARCHITECT /FREI OTTO HE LIGHTWEIGHT PRINCIPLE/tensile Tensile roofs/ every part of the structure is loaded in tension with no requirement to resist compression Cable nets/ grid of structural cables in tension forming the framework supports a weather shield. An clas c Surfaces/ tension forces are in equil ibrium, the centres of curvature are in opposite side of the membrane Synclas c Surfaces/ the centres of curvature are on the same side of the membrane n clas c curve hyper paraboloid hyper paraboloid/ minimum 4 pts with alteast 1 pt out of plane Less material and e? ort Remarkably large spans Combined tensile structure and biological research Only a few members,are under compression while all others, for instance, cables and membranes, are under tension For tension and rigidity, an clas c or saddle-like curvatures HE LIGHTWEIGHT PRINCIPLE UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /details SITE// Originally the se ng of a 1930’s air? eld,former training ground for the Bavarian Royal Army and the site of Munich’s ? rst civil airport. Ground had been used as a dump yard for ruined buildings’ rubble. 00m tall broadcast tower, s ll present today, a major landmark of the site. PROGRAM// 80,000 seats Smaller enclosed sports hall Swimming hall Warm-up arena Enclosed workout facility Housi ng for 3000 people UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /1972 Gunter Behnisch proposed light and open structures con nuous ? uid tent roo? ng resembling natural hills Frei O o’s Montreal Pavilion was the guiding piece The original system came from model studies where ladies stockings were used to simulate the tent’s surfaces al proposal CRITICAL STUDIES// Mast heights gave ghter curvature near the masts and leave the unsa sfactory ? t perimeter areas unimproved Increasing the pre-stress to ? at areas would provide the necessary stability, but only at impossibly high levels of tensioning UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM/ini Winner of the compe on for 1972 olympic park by GUNTER BEHNISCH ERMAN PAVILLION,MONTREAL/1967 Real masterpiece of lightweight architecture,Frei O l/Behnisch Ini al mode o UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /comparisons UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /inspira Dragon? y wings are one three-thousandth of a millimeter thick Up to 1,000 sec ons Compartmental structure, wings do not tear, withstand the pressure that forms during ? ght. Driving principle for design of roof on 7 saddle-shape cable nets Square meshes that form rhomboids to assume an clas c curvature UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /revised roof Subdivide roof into a patchwork of separate but coupled smaller canopies Support at many points and mostly curved to suitably ght radii. Nets do not extend to the tops of medium height masts, instead hung from very tall masts Masts placed outside the roof or suspended above ground on cables keeping the areas below column-free Roo? ng for the main sports facili esUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /experiments 1:125 scale models exactly proportional both in geometry and in elasticity to the envisaged full sized structures UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /structure Interior cables Peripheral cables Cable joints Steel masts Concrete underground founda on Acrylic panel cover UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /cables Interior cables//11. 7 mm mesh, 19 heavily galvanised 2. 3- and 3. 3mm steel wires A lay length of 10 x the la y diameter Main cables//? ve strands of 37 and 109 wires each Edge cables//vary in speci? a on, typical example ,lockedsurface wire rope of 81 millimetres diameter Twin cables with concentric joints assume square meshes forming rhomboids forming an clas c curves UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /joints Cables arranged in pairs 75Ãâ€"75 cm mesh,reduced number of joints Clamps+screw,one bolt per joint,easy construc on 75 cm mesh Saddle connec ons Swaged clamp connec on Erec on/The cable nets completely assembled on ground, li ed to ? nal posi ons. Prestressing/suspension cables were put in posi on, geometry and stresses cables and masts checked Connec on to anchor UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /mastsTension founda ons / anchor the main cables down to earth Inclined slot founda ons (tent pegs ),gravity anchor founda ons (anchoring from self weight),earth anchor founda ons (support the masts) Temporary steel balls provided under the rubber pads to allow rota on during assembly Cylindrical masts welded st eel tubes up to 80 metres long and with a 50mN (5000 ton) load capacity. Transparent roof covering/ 2. 9 x 2. 9-metre acrylic panels , 4mm thk Bolted to the intersec on nodes and angles of intersec on change every 6 degrees Temperature moulding, panels on neoprene pedestals, allowing them to ‘? at’, and sealing the joints with con nuous neoprene pro? le clamped to the panel edges Discon nuous joints allowing movement UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /cover UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /conclusions Form ? nding experiments/solu ons for large spans simultaneously gave birth to the science of compu ng . Final form depends on – shape of grid,spacing,pa ern -the geometry of the suppor ng structure – the pretension applied to the cable net and its suppor ng structure Advantages/E? cient way of using material Lightweight Large spans Quick construc on

Travis Megan Homework7 Essay

Travis Megan Homework7 Essay Travis Megan Homework7 Essay Travis, Megan CIS102A 11 February 2015 Homework 7 Survey 1. What kind of precautions do you take when connecting to a wireless network of any kind outside your home? 2. Are you ever asked for payment information when using these services? 3. Are you aware of the dangers of connecting to a wireless network? 4. Do you know the difference between an ad hoc and a secure wireless connection? 5. When connected to these wireless networks, do you typically leave it in an always on state? Similarly, do you have any particular connection set to automatically connect within a specified range? 6. When experiencing technical difficulties of any kind, how do you fix them? 7. How much time do you usually spend while on these wireless networks? 8. Does anyone else use your computer on a wireless connection? 9. Have you ever experienced a malware threat such as the receiving of a Trojan virus while on a wireless network? 10. Do you ever access personal sensitive data while on a wireless connection or network? For example a bank account. Individual 1: D Other than using my computers firewall and antivirus, the only other precaution I take is to make sure I don’t use my credit/debit card information on any website I visit. Occasionally, I am asked for payment. But when that happens I usually just ignore it. I am aware that connecting to a wireless network does carry a bit of risk such as identity theft as your personal information is out there once connected. I do not know that difference between an ad hoc or a secure wireless connection. Typically I do leave it always on, as I like having the ability to go right back to what I am doing without interference. And for all my connections that I connect to, most of them always connect within range. I usually go to a computer technician or help desk person whenever I run into any problems. Depending on the work I am doing I spend about 5 to 7 hours a day on wireless networks. I have a roommate that I sometimes let borrow my computer. I have never received a Trojan virus that I know of through a wireless network. I have not accessed to the point a bank account, but I do check my email which I have a paypal account linked to. Individual 2: A There are several precautions that I take to make sure that I don’t compromise myself while on the web. For instance, I do not use any public network to do anything of a personal nature like email or purchases. I also make sure that my internet is all up to date before I access a wireless network. I never been asked for payment on a wireless connection that I used. I am very aware of the dangers with wireless networks, for instance hackers which are constantly looking for loop holes in public wi-fi hotspots. Somewhat, as ad hocs are more like peer to peer networks while a secure wireless connection centrally based in one location and therefore secure. Typically, I will disconnect from a service after I no longer need an internet connection. And I do not have my wireless connection set to automatically connect, quite the opposite as when traveling for work or whatever I set my electronic devices to airplane mode so that they do not connect until I am ready for them to. I usually take the issue to a technical service personnel as I would not want to do anything further to compromise the computer. I usually spend about 4 hours a day on wireless networks, but it can be more depending on what I am doing. No, I do not let anyone else access my computing equipment while on public wireless connections. Usually not, but I have noticed the occasional pop-up which says my computer isn’t secure and I should buy their software to secure my computer. No, I do not access sensitive data while on public wi-fi of any kind. Individual 3: C I usually try to make sure that I am sufficiently protected by my computers security tools while on public wi-fi. Never have been asked for payment of any kind, I do though share my computer with my sister so from that point

About Plate Tectonics - Introduction and Overview

About Plate Tectonics - Introduction and Overview Geologists have an explanation- a scientific theory- of how the Earths surface behaves called plate tectonics. Tectonics means large-scale structure. So plate tectonics says that the large-scale structure of the Earths outer shell is a set of plates. (see the map) Tectonic Plates Tectonic plates dont quite match the continents and the oceans on the Earths surface. The North America plate, for instance, extends from the west coast of the U.S. and Canada into the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. And the Pacific plate includes a chunk of California as well as most of the Pacific Ocean (see the list of plates). This is because the continents and ocean basins are part of the Earths crust. But plates are made of relatively cold and hard rock, and that extends deeper than the crust into the upper mantle. The part of the Earth that makes up the plates is called the lithosphere. It averages about 100 kilometers in thickness, but that varies greatly from place to place. (see About the Lithosphere) The lithosphere is solid rock, as rigid and stiff as steel. Beneath it is a softer, hotter layer of solid rock called the asthenosphere (es-THEEN-osphere) that extends down to around 220 kilometers depth. Because its at red-hot temperatures the rock of the asthenosphere is weak (astheno- means weak in scientific Greek). It cannot resist slow stress and it bends in a plastic way, like a bar of Turkish taffy. In effect, the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere even though both are solid rock. Plate Movements The plates are constantly changing position, moving slowly over the asthenosphere. Slowly means slower than fingernails grow, no more than a few centimeters a year. We can measure their movements directly by GPS and other long-distance measuring (geodetic) methods, and geologic evidence shows that they have moved the same way in the past. Over many millions of years, the continents have traveled everywhere on the globe. (see Measuring Plate Motion) Plates move with respect to each other in three ways: they move together (converge), they move apart (diverge) or they move past each other. Therefore plates are commonly said to have three types of edges or boundaries: convergent, divergent and transform. In convergence, when the leading edge of a plate meets another plate, one of them turns downward. That downward motion is called subduction. Subducted plates move down into and through the asthenosphere and gradually disappear. (see About Convergent Zones)Plates diverge at volcanic zones in the ocean basins, the mid-ocean ridges. These are long, huge cracks where lava rises from below and freezes into new lithosphere. The two sides of the crack are continually pulled apart, and thus the plates gain new material. The north Atlantic island of Iceland is the foremost example of a divergent zone above sea level. (see About Divergent Zones)Where plates move past each other is called a transform boundary. These are not as common as the other two boundaries. The San Andreas fault of California is a well-known example. (see About Transforms)The points where the edges of three plates meet are called triple junctions. They move across the Earths surface in response to the different motions of the three plates. (see Triple Junctions) The basic cartoon map of the plates uses only these three boundary types. However, many plate boundaries are not sharp lines but, rather, diffuse zones. They amount to about 15 percent of the worlds total and appear in more realistic plate maps. Diffuse boundaries in the United States include most of Alaska and the Basin and Range province in the western states. Most of China and all of Iran are diffuse boundary zones, too. What Plate Tectonics Explains Plate tectonics answers many basic geologic questions: On the three different types of boundary, plate movement creates distinctive kinds of earthquake faults. (see Fault Types in a Nutshell)Most large mountain ranges are associated with plate convergence, answering a long-standing mystery. (see The Mountain Problem)Fossil evidence suggests that continents were once connected that are far apart today; where once we explained this by the rise and fall of land bridges, today we know that plate movements are responsible.The worlds seafloor is geologically young because old oceanic crust disappears by subduction. (see About Subduction)Most of the worlds volcanoes are related to subduction. (see About Arc Volcanism) Plate tectonics also lets us ask and answer new kinds of questions: We can build maps of world geography in the geologic past- paleogeographic maps- and model ancient climates.We can study how mass extinctions are related to effects of plate tectonics such as volcanism. (see Extinction: On the Destiny of Species)We can examine how plate interactions have affected the geologic history of a specific region. Plate Tectonic Questions Geoscientists are studying several major questions about plate tectonics itself: What moves the plates?What creates volcanoes in hotspots like Hawaii that are outside subduction zones? (see A Hotspot Alternative)How rigid are the plates, and how precise are their boundaries?When did plate tectonics begin, and how?How is plate tectonics connected to the Earths mantle below? (see About the Mantle)What happens to subducted plates? (see The Death of Plates)What kind of cycle do plate materials go through? Plate tectonics is unique to Earth. But learning about it during the last 40 years has given scientists many theoretical tools to understand other planets, even those that circle other stars. For the rest of us, plate tectonics is a simple theory that helps make sense of the Earths face.

The areas of the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere Essay

The areas of the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere - Essay Example Energy gains, on the other hand, are highly influenced by human activities such as building of irrigation and dams. Water, in the form of snow and rain, falls on earth to be absorbed by bodies of water and plant fields (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Gabler, Petersen & Sack (2011) explained that when water reaches the subsurface, it goes first to the zone of aeration where air occupies most space. Water then consumes the space in the zone of saturation which is topped by water table (Gabler et al., 2011). Groundwater wells are designed to alter nature’s way of keeping water beneath the surface (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Cones of depression in the water table evolved from constant extraction of water from wells. When several cones of depression meet, other nearby shallow wells runs out of water (Gabler et al., 2011). Another indispensable process that sustains life is the food web. It is a series of food chains interlinked with one another. The food chains’ prequel is the primary producers supplying the essential energy for food (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Food chain is facilitated by primary consumers that feed on plants, the secondary consumers that feed on the primary consumers and then there are the decomposers that feed on what is left in each process of the cycle (Bharatdwaj, 2009). A clear cut example of a food chain is when grass was feed on by a cow; consequently the cow is eaten by man. In the study of these organisms, a biologist focuses on the processes that propels life itself, whereas, the focus of a geographer is to identify ways to preserve and maintain the Earth’s surface and resources. The diversified community of plants and animals that cover a specific area and own a particular climate are termed as biomes (Kaufman & Marsh, 2012). Biomes are like zoogeographic regions w hich aim to classify the distribution of Earth. But unlike biomes, zoogeographic regions

Read an article about a remedial action that Sony's management team Essay

Read an article about a remedial action that Sony's management team has taken following the PlayStation data breach and write - Essay Example The CIOs in many companies have to circumvent multiple layers of management to pass on information to the CEOs. Actually the companies can well use their CIOs for generating new product ideas and for grading the customer information, so as to decide which information needs to be deleted or saved for long term use. It was only in retrospect that Sony decided to create the post of Chief Information Security Officer. The truth is that many companies dependent on information for business, like the finance industry do unexceptionally always had the post of a CISO. This laxity on the part of Sony cost the company millions in terms of business and information. However, Sony is still continuing with its obsolete organizational framework, thereby depriving the CIO a ready and easy access to the CEO. In the contemporary economies information is not only the actual product, but it is a product that can be accessed, retrieved and transferred within a matter of seconds.